About Gate Master's Academy

Gate Master's Academy is No.1 institute for civil & Mechanical students. It was established by Dr.K.V. Krishna Reddy (Ph.D from IISc Bangalore) in 2007. Gate Master's Academy is a name synonymous for success in ESE/GATE/TSPSC/APPSC exams. Gate Master's Academy was established to serve the civil & Mechanical students for their Higher Studies through Gate exam and PSU jobs which are related with GATE score. We have our own Methodology in teaching so that each and every student can understand the concepts without memorizing formulae.

Quality Teaching

Gate Master's Academy has best pool of faculty who are permanent & their only intent is to provide quality education to the students, It has perfect combination of professors, good & energetic top rankers of IES and GATE examinations.

Vision

To build a rich and intellectual potential embeded with sound knowledge, professional ethics and human values among the youth, research scholar and scientist by creating excellent human resource to serve the nation.

Mission

Our mission is to provide unfailing commitment to develop a dense competitive environment with the main focus on application of concepts with accuracy giving maximum result at minimum attempts

GATE/PSU's

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an all India Entrance Examination Conducted Jointly by IISC, Bangalore.

GATE exam notification comes in the month of September. Test is conducted in the month of January/ February. And the Results are announced in the month of March. The application fee is Rs. 1500/- for General/ OBC and Rs. 750/- for female applicants of any category and SC/ST/PWD Categories.

The GATE Score/Rank is used for admissions to postgraduate programmes (ME, M.Tech, MS direct phD) in IISc, IITs and other prestigious Institutes/Universities in India, with fnancial assistance provided by MHRD. The GATE Score may also be used by PSUs for recruitment of candidates for prestigious jobs with attractive salary packages. Some of the PSUs which use GATE score for providing jobs include BARC, BHEL, IOCL, HPCL, NTPC, Power Grid, NHPC etc. GATE exam primarily tests the comprehensive understanding of the candidate in various undergraduate subjects in Engineering. The GATE score reflects the relative performance level in a particular branch. GATE score is valid for three years.

Why GATE

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an all India Entrance Examination Conducted Jointly by IISC, Bangalore. GATE exam notification comes in the month of September. Test is conducted in the month of January/ February. And the Results are announced in the month of March. The application fee is Rs. 1500/- for General/ OBC and Rs. 750/- for female applicants of any category and SC/ST/PWD Categories.

The GATE Score/Rank is used for admissions to postgraduate programmes (ME, M.Tech, MS direct phD) in IISc, IITs and other prestigious Institutes/Universities in India, with fnancial assistance provided by MHRD. The GATE Score may also be used by PSUs for recruitment of candidates for prestigious jobs with attractive salary packages. Some of the PSUs which use GATE score for providing jobs include BARC, BHEL, IOCL, HPCL, NTPC, Power Grid, NHPC etc. GATE exam primarily tests the comprehensive understanding of the candidate in various undergraduate subjects in Engineering. The GATE score reflects the relative performance level in a particular branch. GATE score is valid for three years.

Students who qualify in GATE Exam are entitled to a stipend of Rs. 12,400/- per month during their M.E, M.TECH, M.S (By Research) Programs in IISC, IITs, NITs, Central universities, Government colleges, Private colleges. Clearing GATE is also an eligibility clause for the award of Junior Research Fellowship in CSIR Laboratories. M.Tech. degree is mandatory for those wishing to apply for research positions in R&D centers.

Many public sector undertaking (PSUs) such as HAL, BHEL, Indian Oil Corporation, NTPC, Power Grid, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (there are PSUs around 200 in number) are using the GATE score for selecting candidates for their organizations. The Students who qualify this test are eligible for doing Master's degree at NTU & NUS, (National University of Singapore), Singapore. A Gate Score will help to get Ph.D admissions in IISc, IITs and Central Universities. A GATE score is preferred for Technical interviews in many Private Sector companies. A GATE score will help to the students to join in reputed companies as well as offcampus recruitments. For those who couldn't pursue their B.Tech in IIT, it provides another opportunity to study in the prestigious IITs.

Academic Eligibility

Completed or final year students of B.Tech /B.E or its equivalent. MSC/MA/MCA can also apply. Candidates with qualifications obtained through examination conducted by professional societies recognized by UPSC/AICTE like AMIE, AMICE as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech. Those who have completed Section A are also eligible.

Age Limit

• There is no upper age limit.
• There is no restriction for Number of attempts.

Pattern

GATE Paper will be a total of 65 questions carrying a maximum of 100 marks, out of which 30 questions will carry one mark each and 35 questions will carry two mark each. For 1 mark MCQs, 1/3 marks will be deducted for each wrong answer. Likewise, for 2 mark MCQs, 2/3 marks will be deducted for each wrong answer. There is NO negative marking for numerical answer type questions. Examination Paper is a combination of 35 questions from Multiple choice & rest 30 questions are from Numerical answer type.

General aptitude will carry 15% of the total marks which consists of (5) one mark questions and (5) two mark questions.

Engineering Mathematics will carry around 15% of the total marks and the remaining 70% of the total marks is devoted to the subject of the paper. It is of totally 85% which consists of (25) one mark questions and (30) two mark questions.

Structure

GATE Exam will be conducted by an ONLINE Computer Based Test (CBT) of 3 hrs duration that consists of both Multiple choice questions (MCQ) & Numerical answer type questions. For MCQ type questions, the candidates have to select the

Cut Off Marks

Syllabus

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra Systems of linear equations Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Calculus: Functions of single variable Limit, continuity and differentiability Mean value theorems, local maxima and minima, Taylor and Maclaurin series Evaluation of definite and indefinite integrals, application of definite integral to obtain area and volume Partial derivatives Total derivative Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.

Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE): First order (linear and non-linear) equations higher order linear equations with constant coefficients Euler-Cauchy equations Laplace transform and its application in solving linear ODEs; initial and boundary value problems. Partial Differential Equation (PDE): Fourier series0 separation of variables solutions of onedimensional diffusion equation first and second order one-dimensional wave equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation.

Probabilit y and Statistics: Definitions of probabilit y and sampling theorems Conditional probability Discrete Random variables Poisson and Binomial distributions Continuous random variables: normal and exponential distributions Descriptive statistics - Mean, median, mode and standard deviation Hypothesis testing.

Numerical Methods: Accuracy and precision error analysis. Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Least square approximation, Newton's and Lagrange polynomials, numerical differentiation, Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, single and multi-step methods for first order differential equations.

Section 2: Structural Engineering

Engineering Mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations Internal forces in structures Friction and its applications Kinematics of point mass and rigid body Centre of mass Euler's equations of motion Impulse-momentum Energy methods Principles of virtual work.

Solid Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams Simple stress and strain relationships Theories of failures Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre Uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses.

Structural Analysis: Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods Method of superposition Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames Displacement methods Slope deflection and moment distribution methods Influence lines Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis.

Construction Materials and Management: Construction Materials Structural steel - composition, material properties and behaviour Concrete - constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties Bricks and mortar Timber Bitumen. Construction Management Types of construction projects Tendering and construction contracts Rate analysis and standard specifications Cost estimation Project planning and network analysis - PERT and CPM.

Concrete Structures: Working stress, Limit state and Ultimate load design concepts Design of beams, slabs, columns Bond and development length Prestressed concrete Analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads.

Steel Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts Design of tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases Connections – simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses Plastic analysis of beams and frames.

Section 3: Geotechnical Engineering

Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil structure and fabric Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties Unified and Indian standard soil classification system Permeability - one dimensional flow, Darcy's law Seepage through soils - two-dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping Principle of effective stress, capillarity, seepage force and quicksand condition Compaction in laboratory and field conditions One-dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation Mohr's circle, stress paths, effective and total shear strength parameters, characteristics of clays and sand.

Foundation Engineering: Sub-surface investigations - scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb Stability of slopes-finite and infinite slopes, method of slices and Bishop's method Stress distribution in soils-Boussinesq's and Westergaard's theories, pressure bulbs Shallow foundations - Terzaghi's and Meyerhoff's bearing capacity theories, effect of water table Combined footing and raft foundation Contact pressure Settlement analysis in sands and clays Deep foundations - types of piles, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, negative skin friction.

Section 4: Water Resources Engineering

Fluid Mechanics: Properties of fluids, fluid statics; Continuity, momentum, energy and corresponding equations Potential flow, applications of momentum and energy equations Laminar and turbulent flow Flow in pipes, pipe networks Concept of boundary layer and its growth.

Hydraulics: Forces on immersed bodies Flow measurement in channels and pipes Dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles Basics of hydraulic machines, specific speed of pumps and turbines Channel Hydraulics-Energy-depth relationships, specific energy, critical flow, slope profile, hydraulic jump, uniform flow and gradually varied flow

Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapo-transpiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, flood estimation and routing, reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing, surface run-off models, ground water hydrology-steady state well hydraulics and aquifers Application of Darcy's law.

Irrigation: Duty, delta, estimation of evapo-transpiration Crop water requirements Design of lined and unlined canals, head works, gravity dams and spillways Design of weirs on permeable foundation Types of irrigation systems, irrigation methods Water logging and drainage Canal regulatory works, cross-drainage structures, outlets and escapes.

Section 5: Environmental Engineering

Water and Waste Water: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantit y of characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.

Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.

Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal).

Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution.

Section 6: Transportation Engineering

Transportation Infrastructure: Highway alignment and engineering surveys Geometric design of highways - cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments Geometric design of railway track Airport runway length, taxiway and exit taxiway design.

Highway Pavements: Highway materials - desirable properties and quality control tests Design of bituminous paving mixes Design factors for flexible and rigid pavements Design of flexible pavement using IRC: 37-2012; Design of rigid pavements using IRC: 58-2011 Distresses in concrete pavements.

Traffic Engineering: Traffic studies on flow, speed, travel time - delay and O-D study, PCU, peak hour factor, parking study, accident study and analysis, statistical analysis of traffic data Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships Control devices, signal design by Webster's method Types of intersections and channelization Highway capacity and level of service of rural highways and urban roads.

Section 7: Geomatics Engineering

Principles of surveying; Errors and their adjustment Maps-scale, coordinate system Distance and angle measurement-Levelling and trigonometric levelling Traversing and triangulation survey Total station Horizontal and vertical curves. Photogrammetry-scale, flying height Remote sensing - basics, platform and sensors, visual image interpretation Basics of Geographical information system (GIS) and Geographical Positioning system (GPS).

TSPSC/APPSC

Paper-I: GENERAL STUDIES AND GENERAL ABILITIES

• 1. Current affairs -Regional, National and International.
• 2. International Affairs.
• 3. General Science; India’s Achievements in Science and Technology.
• 4. Environmental issues; Disaster Management- Prevention and Mitigation Strategies.
• 5. Economic and Social Development of India and Telangana.
• 6. Physical, Social and Economic Geography of India.
• 7. Physical, Social and Economic Geography and Demography of Telangana.
• 8. Socio-economic, Political and Cultural History of Modern India with special emphasis on Indian National Movement.
• 9. Socio-economic, Political and Cultural History of Telangana with special emphasis on Telangana Statehood Movement and formation of Telangana state.
• 10. Indian Constitution; Indian Political System; Governance and Public Policy.
• 11. Social Exclusion; Rights issues such as Gender, Caste, Tribe, Disability etc. and inclusive policies.
• 12. Society, Culture, Heritage, Literature of Telangana.
• 13. Policies of Telangana State.
• 14. Logical Reasoning; Analytical Ability and Data Interpretation.
• 15. Basic English. (10th class Standard)

PAPER-II: CIVIL ENGINEERING (DEGREE LEVEL)

Building Materials And Construction:

Bricks– Types of Bricks, Indian standard classification, properties; Stones – Types of stones, classification, properties, dressing and polishing of stones; Methods of Quarrying; Cement – Different grades and types of cement, properties and IS specifications; Aggregates – coarse and fine aggregate, properties and IS specifications; Cement Mor tar – Proportions of cement mortar for various applications; Concrete – Constituents of Concrete, Different grades of Concrete, mix proportioning using IS Code, Properties of fresh and hardened Concrete; Admixtures – Types of Admixtures

Strength of Materials And Theory of Structures:

Strength of Materials: Simple stresses and strains, elastic constants and relationship between them; Compound bars; Temperature stresses; Shear forces and bending moment diagrams for beams; Principal stresses and Mohr’s circle of stress, Theory of bending and bending stresses ; Shear stress distribution; Theory of torsion; Springs; Deflections of beams; Thin and thick cylinders;; Analysis of trusses, Betti-Maxwell theorem; Shear centre and unsymmetrical bending. Theory of Structures: Direct and bending stresses; Columns and struts; Strain energy method; Moving loads and influence lines; Arches and suspension bridges; Static and kinematic indeterminacy; Moment distribution, Slope deflection, and Kani’s methods applied to continuous beams and portal frames; Column analogy and matrix methods of analysis.

RCC and Steel Structures:

Concrete Structures: Materials, permissible stresses and IS Specifications; Working stress methods; Limit State Method - Stress Blocks parameters, design of Beams, Slabs, Columns and Footing; Design for Shear and Torsion; Design of Retaining Walls, Water tanks, and T-Beam Slab bridges; Yield line theory.

Steel Structures: Properties of steel sections, permissible stresses, IS Specifications; Riveted and welded joints and connections; Design of simple and compound Beams and Columns, Column bases, Roof trusses, Plate and Gantry Girders; Plate Girder Lattice Girder Railway bridges, and Bearings. Plastic analysis.

Pre-Stressed Concrete: Basic concepts, material for pre-stressing, losses in Pre-stress, classification of pre-stressing system; Analysis of PSC Sections.

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics:

Fluid Properties; Measurement of Pressure - Manometers; Fluid Kinematics – Classification of Fluids, Stream function and Velocity potential, significance and use of Flownets, Fluid dynamics - Continuity equation, Bernoulli’s equations and Impulse momentum equation; Laminar and Turbulent flow through pipes – significance of Reynolds number, Hagen – Poiseuille’s equation, Darcy – Weisbach equation, Friction factor, Water hammer phenomenon; Compressible flow – Bernoulli’s equation for Isothermal and Adiabatic conditions, Mach Number, Mach cone, stagnation properties; Steady uniform flow through open channels; Gradually varied flows – significance of Froude number, classification and computation of Flow profiles, Hydraulic jump, Surges; Boundary layer – Laminar and Turbulent Boundary layer, Boundary layer thickness, rough and smooth Boundaries, Boundary layer separation; Dimensional analysis and similarity laws; Hydraulic Turbines – classification, Velocity triangles, principles and design of reaction and impulse turbines; Centrifugal pumps – specific speed, work done and efficiency, characteristic curves.

Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering:

Hydrological cycle; Rainfall – types and measurement, network design; Infiltration - index; Runoff – process, factors and determination of runoff, dependable yield; Floods – flood hydrograph, computation of flood peak using rational formula, unit hydrograph method and Gumbel’s extreme value methods; Groundwater – types of aquifer and properties, Darcy’s law, specific yield, steady radial flow to wells in confined and unconfined aquifers; Irrigation – types and advantages, soil water plant relationship, consumptive use, duty, delta, base period, crops and their water requirements; Single and multipurpose projects; Dams – classification, forces and design of Gravity dam and Earth dam; Spillways – types, energy dissipation, stilling basin, Appurtenances; Canals – alignment, Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theories, lining of Canals; Weirs – components, design of vertical drop and sloping glacis weir; Seepage forces – Bligh’s Theory, Khosla’s theory; Canal falls – types and design principles; Cross drainage works – classification and design principles of aqueducts; Hydropower – classification and principle components of Hydroelectric power plants.

Environmental Engineering:

Water supply – objectives, rate of demand, population forecasts; Analysis of water – classification, design of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and softening processes; Methods of layout of distribution pipes – Hardy cross method; Waste water engineering – systems of sewerage, hydraulic formulae and design of sewers, BOD, COD, self purification of natural streams, methods of sewage disposal; Treatment of sewage – principles and design of grit chamber, sedimentation tanks, trickling filters, activated sludge process, sludge digestion tanks, septic tanks; Municipal solid waste – characteristics, collection and transportation of solid wastes; Air Pollution – types and sources of pollutants, air quality standards; Noise pollution – Impacts and permissible limits, measurement and control of noise pollution.

Transportation Engineering:

Highway Classification as per IRC; Highway alignment; Engineering Surveys; Geometric Design; Cross sectional elements of road; Gradient; Grade compensation; Traffic Surveys – speed, Volumes, origin and destination; Highway capacity and level of service as per HCM 2000; Intersection – at grade and grade separated; Channelization; Rotary intersection; signal design – webstar method, traffic signs, pavement marking; Parking studies, accidental studies, pavement types, Factors considered for pavement design, flexible and rigid pavements design concepts.

Railway Engineering: Permanent way, rails, sleepers, ballast; Creep, coning of wheel, rail fixtures and fastenings, super elevation, cant deficiency, curves, turnout; Points and crossings. Airport Engineering: Selection of site of Airport, runway orientation and design, wind rose diagram, basic run way length, correction to basic runway length.

Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering:

Soil Mechanics: Physical properties of soils, Classification and identification, Permeability, Capillarity, Seepage, Compaction, Consolidation, Shear Strength, Earth pressure, Slope stability; Foundation Engineering: Site investigations, stress distribution in soils, Bearing capacit y, Settlement analysis, Types of Foundation, Pile foundations, Foundations on expansive soils; swelling and its preventions; Coffer dams, Caissons, Dewatering, Bracing for excavations, Newmark charts, machine foundations.

Engineering Geology: Mineralogy, Structural Geology, Groundwater Exploration methods; Engineering Geology applications for Tunnels, Dams and Reservoirs; Geological hazards and preventive measures.

Estimation, Costing and Construction Management:

Abstract estimate: Detailed estimate – centerline, long & short wall method, various items of Civil Engineering works as per Indian Standard, General Specifications - Earth Work, Brick / Stone Masonry in Cement Mortar, RCC, Plastering in Cement Mortar, Floor finishes, white wash, colour wash; Standard schedule of rates, lead and lift, preparation of lead statement; Computation of earth work – Mid-ordinate, Mean Sectional area, Trepezoidal method, Prismoidal Rule; Approximate estimate – Plinth area and cubic rate estimate.

Surveying:

Principle and classification of surveying, chain surveying; Compass surveying; Levelling and contouring; Theodolite surveying; curves; Introduction and Fundamental concepts of electronic measuring instruments – EDM, Total station, GIS & GPS.

APPSC Syllabus

PAPER -I GENERAL STUDIES

• 1. Events of national and international importance.
• 2. Current affairs- international, national and regional.
• 3. General Science and it applications to the day to day life Contemporary developments in Science & Technology and information Technology
• 4. Social- economic and political history of modern India with emphases on Indian national movement.
• 5. Indian polit y and governance: constitutional issues, public policy, reforms and egovernance initiatives.
• 6. Economic development in India since independence.
• 7. Physical geography of India sub-continent.
• 8. Disaster management: vulnerability profile, prevention and mitigation strategies, Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in the assessment of Disaster
• 9. Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection
• 10. Logical reasoning, analytical ability and data interpretation.
• 11. Data Analysis:

• a) Tabulation of data
• b) Visual representation of data
• c) Basic data analysis (Summary Statistics such as mean and variance coefficient of variation etc.,) and Interpretation

• 12. Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its Administrative, Economic, Social, Cultural, Political, and legal implications/problems, including

• a). Loss of capital city, challenges in building new capital and it’s financial implications.
• b). Division and rebuilding of common Institutions.
• c). Division of employees, their relocation and nativity issues.
• d). Effect of bifurcation on commerce and entrepreneurs.
• e). Implications to financial resources of state government.
• f). Task of post-bifurcation infrastructure development and opportunities for investments.
• g). Socioeconomic, cultural and demographic impact of bifurcation.
• h). Impact of bifurcation on river water sharing and consequential issues.
• i). AP REORGANISATION ACT, 2014 on AP and the arbitrariness of certain provisions.

Strength of Material:

Forces, moments, Equilibrium; Applying the Equation of Equilibrium, Planar Trusses; Friction; Simple Stresses & Strains: Elasticity and plasticity, Types of stresses & strains, Generalized Hooke’s law–stress –strain diagram for mild steel –Working stress –Factor of safety –Lateral strain, Poisson’s ratio & volumetric strain –Elastic modulii & the relationship between them – Bars of varying section –composite bars –Temperature stresses. Strain energy –Resilience – Gradual, sudden, impact and shock loadings. Shear Force (S.F) and Bending Moment(B.M) : Definition of beam –Types of beams –Concept of shear force and bending moment – S.F and B.M for cantilever, simply supported and overhanging beams subjected to point loads, U.D.L., uniformly varying loads and combination of these loads –Point of contra flexure – Relation between S.F., B.M and rate of loading at a section of a beam. Flexural Stresses: Theory of simple bending -Assumptions –bending equation: Neutral axis – bending stresses –section modulus of different sections –Design of simple beam sections. Shear Stresses: Derivation of formula –Shear stress distribution across various beam sections Principal Stresses and Strains: Stresses on an inclined section of a bar under axial loading – Compound stresses –Normal and tangential stresses on an inclined plane for biaxial stresses – Two perpendicular normal stresses accompanied by a state of simple shear –Mohr’s circle of stresses –Principal stresses and strains –Analytical and graphical solutions. Different theories of Failure: Various theories of failure . Columns and struts – Euler’s column theory – types of end conditions; critical load on the column - derivations – Rankin’s formula for columns. Lifting machines, definitions, Law of machine, study of important lifting machines; virtual work principal. Torsion of Circular Shafts: Theory of pure torsion –Torsion Equations: Assumptions made in the theory of pure torsion –Torsional moment of resistance –Polar section modulus –Power transmitted by shafts –Combined bending and torsion and end thrust. Springs-Helical and leaf springs

Thin &thick Cylinders and Spherical shells: Thin seamless shells –formula for longitudinal and circumferential stresses and max shear stresses–hoop, longitudinal and volumetric strains – changes in diameter, and volume of thin shells.

Fluid Mechanic and Machinery

Fluid statics: Dimensions and units: physical properties of fluids-specific gravity, viscosity, and surface tension -vapour pressure and their influence on fluid motion-atmospheric, pascal’s law, gauge and vacuum pressures –measurement of pressure-Piezometer, U-tube and differential manometers..Hydrostatics, Fluid forces on planes and curved surfaces, submerged and floating bodies, Buoyancy and stability. Fluid kinematics: description of flow pattern and types of fluid flows –velocity and acceleration: convective, temporal, tangential and normal accelerations, control volume-basic principles of fluid flow, continuity equation for 3-D, 2-D, 1-D flow. Rotational and irrotational motion, Velocity potential, stream function, flow net. Fluid dynamics: Surface and body forces –Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flow along a stream line and its applications, momentum equation and its applications. Flow measurement devices – Gross measurement: Venturi meter, Orifice meter , turbine flow meters, rotameters; Point measurement: pitot tubes, hot wire/film anemometer, their measurement principles and sources of errors; calibration. Closed conduit flow: Reynold’s experiment-Major and Minor losses in pipes-pipes in series and pipes in parallel-total energy line-hydraulic gradient line, water hammer. Boundary Layer Concepts: Definition, thicknesses, characteristics along thin plate, laminar and turbulent boundary layers boundary layer in transition, separation of boundary layer, submerged objects –drag and lift.

Basics of turbo machinery : Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, and curved vanes, velocit y diagrams, work done and efficiency, Hydraulic Turbines : Classification of turbines, Heads and efficiencies, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design –draft tube theory-functions and efficiency. Performance of hydraulic turbines: Geometric similarity, Unit and specific quantities, characteristic curves, governing of turbines, selection of type of turbine, cavitation. Centrifugal pumps: Classification, working, work done– barometric head-losses and efficiencies specific speed-performance characteristic curves, NPSH. Selection of pumps and economic evaluation of pumping. Hydraulic Directional Control –Check Valves, Shuttle Valves, two-three- and four-Way Directional Control Valves, Directional Control Valve Actuation. Hydraulic Pressure Control – Pressure Relief Valves, Unloading Valves, Pressure Reducing Valves, Sequence Valves, Counterbalance Valves, Pressure Compensated Pumps Hydro Electric Power Plant: Water power – Hydrological cycle / flow measurement – drainage area characteristics – Hydrographs – storage and Pondage – classification of dams and spill ways. Hydro Projects And Plant: Classification – Typical layouts – plant auxiliaries – plant operation, pumped storage plants.

Paper3: COMMON TO CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING DRAWING :

Conic Sections including the Rectangular Hyperbola. Cycloid, Epicycloid and Hypocycloid, Involute. Scales – Plain, Diagonal and Vernier Scales. Principles of Orthographic Projections – Conventions – Projections of Points and Lines Projections of Plane regular geometric figures Projections of Regular Solids – Auxiliary Views. Sections or Sectional views of Right Regular Solids – Prism, Cylinder, Pyramid, Cone – Auxiliary views – Sections of Sphere. Development of Surfaces of Right Regular Solids – Prism, Cylinder, Pyramid and Cone Principles of Isometric Projection – Isometric Scale – Isometric Views – Conventions – Isometric Views of Lines, Plane Figures, Simple and Compound Solids – Isometric Projection of objects having nonisometric lines. Isometric Projection of Spherical Parts. Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views and Vice-versa – Conventions Auto CAD: Basic principles

Environmental science

Definition, Scope and Importance – Need for Public Awareness. Renewable and nonrenewable resources – Natural resources and associated problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation– Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems - Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources. - Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity. - Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.

ECOSYSTEMS :

Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of Forest, Grassland, Desert and Aquatic ecosystems.

BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION :

Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. - Bio-geographical classification of India - Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values - . Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. - . India as a megadiversity nation - Hot-sports of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution and Nuclear hazards.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. - Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT :

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development - Urban problems related to energy –Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management - Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. - Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. - Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Wasteland reclamation. –Consumerism and waste products. - Environment Protection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act -Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.

Human Population And The Environment:

Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion - Family Welfare Programme. - Environment and human health. -Human Rights. –Value Education. -HIV/AIDS. -Women and Child Welfare. -Role of information Technology in Environment and human health.

Building Materials:

Timber: Different types and species of structural timber, density – moisture relationship, strength in different directions, defects, preservations, and plywood. Bricks: Types, Indian standard classification, absorption, saturation factor, strength in masonry, influence of mortar strength on masonry strength. Cement: Compounds of different types, setting times, strength. Cement mortar: Ingredients, proportions, water demand, mortars for plastering and masonry. Concrete: Importance of w/c ratio, strength, ingredients including admixtures, workability, testing for strength, mix design methods, non-destructive testing.

Structural Analysis:

General theorems : theorems relating to elastic structures, principles of virtual work, strain energy in elastic structures, complementary energy ,Castigliano’s theorem , Betti’s and Maxwell’s reciprocal theorems. Analysis of determinate structures –Deflection of determinate beams by double integration maculay’s moment area and conjugate beam methods, Analysis of indeterminate skeletal frames-Moment distribution, Slope deflection, Kani’s, Stiffness and force methods, Energy methods, Plastic analysis of indeterminate beams and simple portal frames..

Design of Steel Structures:

Principles of limit state method. Plastic sections, Design of bolted and welded connections, Design of tension, compression members and bems, axially and eccentrically loaded joints, Simple connection of bracket plates to columns, beam to beam and beam to column connections, design of framed, unstiffened and stiffened seat connections Design of industrial roofs. Principles of ultimate load design. Design of simple members.

Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures:

Limit state design for bending, Shear, Axial compression and combined forces. Codal provision for slabs, Beams, Columns and footings. Principles of pre-stressed concrete design, Materials, Methods of pre-stressing, losses. Design of simple members and determinate structures. Design of brick masonry as per IS codes.

Construction Planning and Management:

Bar chart, Linked bar chart, Work break down structures, Activity – on – arrow diagrams. Critical path, Probabilistic activity durations, Event based networks. PERT network: Time-cost study, Crashing, Resource allocation.

Hydrauics, and Water Resource Engineering:

Open Channel flow : types of flows -Type of channels –Velocity distribution –Energy and momentum correction factors, uniform flow and calculation of uniform flow, most economical section, Specific energy, critical flow conditions, critical depth computation, Non-Uniform flow: Assumptions and Equation for Gradually varied flow, types of channel bottom slopes, classification of surface profiles. Rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, energy dissipation. Hydraulic Similitude: Dimensional analysis-Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s pi theorem- – Geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities-dimensionless numbers –model and prototype relations. Distorted and non-distorted models.

Hydrological cycle and its components, Precipitation and related data analysis,Evaporation and transpiration; S-hydrograph, Unit hydrographs. Floods and their management, Probable maximum Flood; Streams and theirgauging; Routing of floods; Capacity of reservoirs.

Multipurpose uses of water; Soil-plant – Water relationships, Irrigation systems, Water demand assessment; Storages and their yields, Ground water yield and well Hydraulics; Water logging, drainage design;. Design of rigid boundary canals, Lacey’s and tractive force concepts in canal design, Lining of Canals, Sediment transport in canals, Non-overflow and overflow section of gravity dams and their design, Energy dissipaters, tail water rating; Design of head works, Distribution works, Falls, Cross-drainage works, Outlets, River training.

Environmental Engineering:

Water Supplying Engineering: Sources of supply, Yields, Design of intakes and conductors, Estimation of demand. Water quality standards, Control of water borne diseases. Primary and secondary treatment. Conveyance and distribution systems of treated water, Leakages and control. Rural water supply. Institutional and industrial water supply.

Waste Water engineering: Urban rain water disposal, Systems of sewage collection and disposal. Design of sewers and sewerage systems, Pumping. Characteristics of sewage and its treatment. Disposal of products of sewage treatment. Plumbing systems. Rural and semiurban sanitation. Solid Waste Management: Sources and effects of air pollution, Monitoring of air pollution, Noise pollution, Standards, Ecological chain and balance. Environmental impact assessment.

Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering:

Properties and classification of soil, Compaction, Permeability and Seepage, Flow nets, Compressibility and consolidation. Stress distribution in soils, Shearing resistance, Stresses and failure. Soil testing in laboratories and insitu, Earth pressure theories, Soil exploration. Types of foundations, Selection criteria, bearing capacity, Settlement, laboratory and field tests, Design of shallow foundations. Types of piles and their design and layout. Foundations on expansive soils.

Surveying and Transport Engineering:

Classification of surveys, Scales, Accuracy, Measurement of distances, Direct and indirect methods, Optical and electronic devices, Measurement of directions, Prismatic compass, Local attraction, Theodolites, Types, Measurement of elevations, Spirit and trigonometric leveling, Contours, Digital elevation modeling concept, Establishment of control by triangulations and traversing, Measurement and adjustment of observations, Computation of coordinates, Field astronomy, Concept of global positioning system, Map preparation by plane tabling and by photogrammetry, Remote sensing concepts, Map substitutes.

Planning of Highway systems, Alignment and geometric design, Horizontal and vertical curves, Grade separation,Highway Materials and construction methods for different surfaces and maintenance. Principles of pavement design, Drainage. Traffic surveys, Intersections, Signaling, Mass transit systems, Accessibility, Networking.